Fossilfri kollektivtrafik på vatten

Projekt:

Branschprogrammet hållbar sjöfart

Sammanfattning:
Through literature studies, interviews and active collaboration with an initiated and committed reference group as well as by studying two cases of traffic where fossil-free alternatives have been chosen, this feasibility study has been conducted to assess how a transition to fossil-free public transport on water can be accelerated.
The results of the feasibility study can be summarized as follows:
1. With existing budgetary frameworks, it appears possible to carry out a large part of the current public transport on water without today's high greenhouse gas emissions through electrification.
2. There are several obstacles that need to be overcome in order to accelerate the transition from fossil fuels so that set climate targets are also reached for the ferry traffic.
3. All the parties we have been in contact with have emphasized cooperation as a key factor, since the issues that need to be solved are complex and one part alone cannot solve them.
Fossil-free public transport on water seems, for the shorter distances, to be best solved by electrification. However, today there are no obvious solutions in place for the longer routes. Also, shorter distance-routes can have challenges such as lack of electrical power at the places where charging is needed or that the operator who owns the quays might not give enough priority to enable charging stations being built.
To manage costs while introducing electrification, the total battery capacity installed in the vessels must be limited. This, in turn, will also require that the ferries can be recharged quickly during the part of the day that the ship is in operation. Here, technical solutions are being introduced, but much work remains. Land issues including building permits are considered to be a bigger problem than the charging technology itself.
The calculations carried out, for example, on the case study of the electric hybrid ferry Elvy, which was recently put into operation in short-distance river traffic in Gothenburg, have given several interesting observations:
• It does not appear to be the choice of propulsion / fuel in the form of fossil-free alternatives that significantly affect the costs for traffic for short distance operations. Instead, the cost of capital for the vessel itself and its operations in the form of personnel etc. are the major cost items. Therefore, if the total cost of passenger transport is to decrease, it is more efficient to work with crewing, cost-effective design of the vessel and procurement of the vessels than to save on environmental measures such as transition to fossil-free operations.
• A clean electric propulsion gives clear societal benefits in the form of reduced damage costs for greenhouse-gases and air pollutants when switching to operation where green electricity from land is used as fuel. Other benefits such as reduced noise levels also have positive effects, but these have not been quantified in the study.
Lighthouse 2020 4 (44)
Examples of difficulties that are often mentioned when discussing with shipping companies and industry organizations have been access to quays and infrastructure, access to biofuels for maritime use when demand on the land side has increased, and the difficulty for smaller players to enter the market as the procurement often includes larger geographical areas instead of individual lines.


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Författare: Karl Jivén, Anna Mellin, Linda Styhre (IVL), Karl Garme (KTH)
Utgivare: Lighthouse
Utgivningsdatum: 2020-04-01
Diarienummer: TRV 2019/27023
Antal sidor: 44
Språk: Engelska
Kontaktperson: Charlott Andersson, PLa1us


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