Emission effects from diesel fuels and ED95 - heavy duty vehicles

Projekt:

Drop-in bränslen

Sammanfattning:
In order to reduce the climate impact from the transport sector, there is an ambition in
the European Union to increase the share of alternative fuels. Since the transport
sector is very diverse, there are multiple ways to deal with this. The vehicles can be
dedicated towards a certain fuel, or accepting different types of fuel blends where at
least part of the fuel consists of conventional types (i.e. diesel or petrol).
In recent years, new fuels and blends have been introduced on the market. In Europe,
the Commission has presented a road map towards a low carbon economy 2050, a
white paper on transport and a proposal for alternative fuel infrastructure. The main
focus in these strategies is to reduce the oil dependency and the negative climate
impact from the transport sector. In combination with the climate impact, it is
important to also involve other aspects of new fuels, such as parameters affecting
environment or health.
In this study vehicle tests have been performed with five different diesel fuels and the
ethanol fuel ED95 used for compression ignited vehicles. Two heavy duty trucks have
been used, one diesel truck and one dedicated for ED95, both of EEV emission
standard. The tests have been performed on chassis dynamometer, where the vehicles
have been driven according to the Worldwide Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (chassis
dynamometer version of WHTC).
The following fuels were used – B7 (conventional diesel fuel), B7+HVO30, HVO100,
synthetic diesel (GTL), B100 and ED95. The B7+HVO30, HVO100 and the synthetic
diesel were so-called drop-in fuels, i.e. fuels that can be used in existing engines. The
B100 can be used in existing vehicles with some adjustments, whereas the ED95 fuel
can be used in dedicated vehicles.
The regulated components and CO2 have been measured. In addition, some
unregulated components were also investigated:

- Aldehydes: sampled in DNPH-cartridges;

- Ethanol emissions: sampled with FTIR during the tests with the ED95 fuel;

- Particle number: Condensed Particle Counter (CPC);

- Particle size distribution: Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI);

- Particles: PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) content.

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Författare: Charlotte Sandström-Dahl
Utgivare: AVL MTC
Utgivningsdatum: 2014-04-15
Diarienummer: TRV 2013/16143
Antal sidor: 66
Språk: Engelska
Kontaktperson: Magnus Lindgren, PLa1m